没看懂这篇文章，别说你会写作

首先，一篇作文的组成要素是段落，而段落的组成要素是句子，而写一个英文句子最基本的要去就是要有完整的句子结构，而Fragment（不完整句）却是写作中最常见的语法错误，也就是说很多同学学习了多年的英语，甚至不能保证自己“会写句子”。那么正在看这篇文章的你，到底会不会写英文句子呢？

我们先看以下几个例子：

1. Although the Devil’s Tomato and Blue Nightshade are related to the tomato and potato. They are both highly toxic plants. They should not be eaten in a salad or baked. 

2. Charlotte loved the classic movie Gone with the Wind, but Clyde hated it. His chief objection being that it lasted for four hours.

3. It’s always hard for me to get up for work. Especially on Monday after a holiday weekend. However, I always wake up early on free days. 

4. Montana is bordered by North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. Also by Wyoming to the south. To the north of the state lies Canada. 

看完上面的四个例子之后，大家可以快速找出问题所在吗？或者觉得它们挺自然的，和自己平时写作中的思路很类似呢？

可以明确的告诉大家，这四个例子中都出现了fragment，句子结构不完整的情况，并且它们分别代表了四种典型的不完整句错误，分别是：

1. Dependent-word Fragment 从属词不完整句

2. -ing and to Fragment 现在分词与不定式不完整句

3. Added-Detail Fragment 附加细节不完整句

4. Missing-Subject Fragment 缺少主语的不完整句

下面我们继续介绍修改这些错误的方式。

1. Dependent-word Fragment 从属词不完整句

这种错误通常是将从句单独作为单独的句子了，下面这个例子就是这种情况：
Although the Devil’s Tomato and Blue Nightshade are related to the tomato and potato. They are both highly toxic plants. They should not be eaten in a salad or baked. 

但实际上，从句必须附属在主句前后，因此，这种错误我们只需要将两个句子合并即可。

修改后：Although the Devil’s Tomato and Blue Nightshade are related to the tomato and potato, they are both highly toxic plants. They should not be eaten in a salad or baked. 

2. -ing and to Fragment 现在分词与不定式不完整句

这种错误是错用了动词的形式。注意一个完整的句子，是一定要有谓语动词或者系动词的（有时候也统称为核心动词），而现在分词或者不定式都是动词非谓语形式（即动词在句子中不是谓语）。下面这个例子就是这种情况：
Charlotte loved the classic movie Gone with the Wind, but Clyde hated it. His chief objection being that it lasted for four hours.

修改时，我们需要将动词的错误形式转变为谓语动词的形式。

修改后：Charlotte loved the classic movie Gone with the Wind, but Clyde hated it. His chief objection is that it lasted for four hours.

3. Added-Detail Fragment 附加细节不完整句

这种错误也是没有考虑到完整句子的基本结构，从而将句子中应该作为附加细节的一些短语，尤其是介词短语单独成句了。下面这个例子就是这种情况：
It’s always hard for me to get up for work. Especially on Monday after a holiday weekend. However, I always wake up early on free days.

在这个例子中，Especially on Monday after a holiday weekend是一个副词+一个介词短语的附加结构，修改时我们将其合并到完整句中即可。

修改后：It’s always hard for me to get up for work, especially on Monday after a holiday weekend. However, I always wake up early on free days.

4. Missing-Subject Fragment 缺少主语的不完整句

这种错误通常出现在相邻的两个句子的主语一样时。同学们可能会有一种，前一个句子的主语，或者主语和核心动词，可以自动应用到后一个句子上的错误观念。下面这个例子就是这种情况：
Montana is bordered by North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. Also by Wyoming to the south. To the north of the state lies Canada. 

我们需要明确的是，每一个独立的句子需要有自己一套主干。修改时我们可以将主语相同的两个句子合并，或者给第二个句子加上自己的主语。

修改后：Montana is bordered by North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. It is also by Wyoming to the south. To the north of the state lies Canada. 

或者：Montana is bordered by North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, and also by Wyoming to the south. To the north of the state lies Canada. 

了解了以上常见的不完整句情况和相应的修改方法后，同学们再也不用担心自己“不会写句子”了。